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Detarium microcarpum
''Detarium microcarpum'', commonly known as sweet detar, sweet dattock or tallow tree, is an under-utilized tree legume that grows naturally in the drier regions of West and Central Africa. It is a multipurpose species, with a wide range of uses due to its medicinal properties, edible fruit (eaten raw, cooked or made into flour with many uses of its own) and hardwood used as fuel-wood. Its many uses make it a valuable and appreciated species to local communities but further research and efforts are needed for its domestication.
== Description ==
''D. microcarpum'' is an African tree belonging to the Fabaceae family (legumes).〔Abdalbasit, Adam Mariod, Mohamed Elwathig S. Mirghani, Ahmad Bustamam Abdul and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab. “Detarium microcarpum Guill and Perr fruit proximate chemical analysis and sensory characteristics of concentrated juice and jam,” African Journal of Biotechnology 8 no.17 (2009): 4217-4221, accessed November 25, 2012, http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/viewFile/62360/50337〕〔“Detarium microcarpum,” S. Contu IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012(2). Accessed November 24, 2012, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/summary/19893027/0〕 It is a small tree or shrub growing up to 15 m tall but can reach 25 m in moist areas.〔Abdalbasit et al., “Detarium microcarpum Guill and Perr fruit proximate chemical analysis and sensory characteristics of concentrated juice and jam,” 4217; A.M. Kouyaté and N. Lamien, “Detarium microcarpum, sweet detar,” Conservation and Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources of Priority Food Tree Species in sub-Saharan Africa. Bioversity International 4 (2011): 4, accessed November 24, 2012, http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversityDocs/About_Us/Hosted_Services/SAFORGEN_leaflets/Detarium_EN.pdf〕 In terms of growth rate, the shoots of the trunk can reach a height of 1.5 m – 2 m in 1 to 2 years and are much more vigorous than seedlings which on average grow to 0.6 m after 3 years and may reach 1.5 m in 4 years.〔A.M. Kouyaté and P. van Damme. “Medicinal plants/Plantes médicinales: Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr.” Prota 11, no. 1 (2006). Accessed November 24, 2012. http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Detarium%20microcarpum_En.htm〕 It flowers during the rainy season (July to September/November), but the main flowering period only lasts up to 8 days. It bears fruit from September – January/May and in November; the tree sheds its leaves and produces new leaves in March.〔A.M. Kouyaté and P. van Damme. “Medicinal plants/Plantes médicinales: Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr.” Prota 11, no. 1 (2006). Accessed November 24, 2012. http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Detarium%20microcarpum_En.htm〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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